Table 2

Compilation of Japanese urine iodine studies

Author(s) [source]

Year

Number of participants

Age

Sex

Mean Urine Iodine ( μg/L, μg/g Cr, or μg/24-hour)

Median Urine Iodine ( μg/L)

City/Region

Suzuki et al. [50]

1965

2

1565 μg/24-hour (hospital diet)

Hokkaido

Suzuki et al. [50]

1965

5

23300 μg/24-hour (seaweed diet)

Hokkaido

Suzuki et al. [50]

1965

7

175 μg/24-hour (iodine restricted)

Hokkaido

Nagataki et al. [39]

1967

9

Both

3286 μg/24-hour

Tokyo

Suzuki et al. [64]

1985

5

19-26

Male

357 μg/24-hour

Suzuki et al. [64]

1985

10

19-21

Male

149 μg/24-hour

Yabu et al. [65]

1986

127

18-57

Both

3238 μg/L

Yabu et al. [66]

1988

127

18-57

Both

3022 μg/g Cr

Yabu et al. [66]

1988

43

4-10

Both

2756 μg/g Cr

Yabu et al. [66]

1988

30

Infant

Both

1854 μg/g Cr

Yabu et al. [66]

1988

24

11-32

Female

1701 μg/g Cr

Yabu et al. [66]

1988

73

18-27

Female

2845 μg/g Cr

Nagataki [67]

1993

14

660 μg/g Cr

Tohoku

Nagataki [67]

1993

13

1090 μg/g Cr (hospital diet)

Tohoku

Nagataki [67]

1993

13

1760 μg/g Cr (hospital diet)

Tokyo

Nagataki [67]

1993

22

1460 μg/g Cr (hospital diet)

Shinsyu

Nagataki [67]

1993

8

1370 μg/g Cr (hospital diet)

Kyoto

Nagataki [67]

1993

19

910 μg/g Cr (hospital diet)

Nagasaki

Konno et al. [49]

1994

4138

Mean ~45

Both

3300 μg/L

Sapporo

Tsuda et al. [68]

1995

84

596 μg/L

Nagasaki

Nagata et al. [47]

1998

150

Mean ~52

Both

1480 μg/L

Nishihara

Nagata et al. [47]

1998

37

1470 μg/24-hour

Nishihara

Nagata et al. [47]

1998

20

Mean ~51

Both

1620 μg/L

Yamagata

Nagata et al. [47]

1998

54

Mean ~49

Both

1200 μg/L

Kobe

Nagata et al. [47]

1998

80

Mean ~50

Both

810 μg/L

Hotaka

Ishigaki et al. [69]

2001

250

7-14

Both

362 μg/L

Nagasaki

Ishigaki et al. [69]

2001

50

Adult

Both

208 μg/L

Hamamatsu

Ishigaki et al. [69]

2001

50

Adult

Both

1015 μg/L

South Kayabe

Takamura et al. [70]

2003

4

18-24

Male

406 μg/L

Nagasaki

Zimmermann et al. [71]

2005

302

6-12

Both

296 μg/L

292 μg/L

Central Hokkaido

Zimmermann et al. [71]

2005

280

6-12

Both

728 μg/L

741 μg/L

Costal Hokkaido

Tomoda et al. [72]

2005

47

Mean ~53

Both

428 μg/g Cr

Tomoda et al. [72]

2005

21

Mean ~56

Both

587 μg/g Cr

Fuse et al. [73]

2007

654

6-12

Both

281 μg/L

Tokyo

Miyai et al. [74]

2008

6

Mean ~27

Both

560 μg/24-hour

Miyai et al. [74]

2008

14

Mean ~27

Both

1110 μg/24-hour

Orito et al. [75]

2009

514

Adult

Female (pregnant)

328 μg/L

Kobe

Zava and Zava Thyroid Research 2011 4:14   doi:10.1186/1756-6614-4-14